What percentage of the world's land area does India occupy, and what percentage of global species diversity does it harbor?

2.4% land area, 8.1% species diversity

8.1% land area, 2.4% species diversity

5% land area, 10% species diversity

10% land area, 5% species diversity

What is the significance of genetic diversity within a species?

It increases the species' adaptability to environmental changes.

It leads to uniformity in traits.

It increases the species' adaptability to environmental changes.

It reduces the species' survival rate.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the higher species richness in the tropics?

Tropics have less solar energy.

Tropics have more evolutionary time.

Tropics have less solar energy.

Tropical environments are more constant.

Tropics have higher productivity.

Which of the following equations represents the species-area relationship on a logarithmic scale?

$$\text{Log } S = \text{log } C + Z \text{ log } A$$

Which of the following statements is true about the biodiversity of fungi?

Fungi species exceed the combined total of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

Fungi species are fewer than fish species.

Fungi species exceed the combined total of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

Fungi species are less than the number of bird species.

Fungi species are equal to the number of insect species.

Which of the following is an example of an ecological service provided by biodiversity that has a direct economic impact?

The pollination of crops by bees and other pollinators.

The aesthetic pleasure of natural landscapes.

The production of oxygen by the Amazon rainforest.

The cultural significance of sacred groves.

The pollination of crops by bees and other pollinators.

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Class 12 Science (PCB)

Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation

Study Action Plan (Sorted by Difficulty)

Extinction Rates, IUCN Red List and Sixth Extinction

Accuracy: 0%

Total Attempted0

Total Correct0

Total Incorrect0

Difficulty Level:

High

Species Diversity

Accuracy: 33%

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Total Correct1

Total Incorrect2

Difficulty Level:

High

Species Diversity and Ecosystem Stability

Accuracy: 50%

Learning Objectives

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Understand the concept of biodiversity and its significance.
Explain the different levels of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecological diversity.
Describe the distribution of biodiversity across the globe and factors influencing it.
Identify major threats to biodiversity and their consequences.
Discuss conservation strategies, including in situ and ex situ methods.
Evaluate the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem services and human well-being.
Analyze the role of biodiversity hotspots in conservation efforts.

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Revision Notes & Summary

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Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Introduction to Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecological diversity.
Over 1.5 million species have been recorded, but estimates suggest nearly 6 million species may exist.

2. Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem functioning and provides numerous ecosystem services such as:
- Pollination
- Pest control
- Climate moderation
- Flood control
Ethical responsibility to conserve biodiversity for future generations.

3. Species Richness

Species richness is highest in the tropics due to:
- More evolutionary time
- Constant environment
- Higher solar energy leading to greater productivity.
Example: More than 70% of all recorded species are animals, with insects making up over 70% of animal species.

4. Causes of Species Loss

Major causes include:
- Habitat loss and fragmentation
- Over-exploitation
- Biological invasions
- Co-extinctions
Current extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times higher than historical rates.

5. Conservation Strategies

5.1 In Situ Conservation

Protecting endangered species in their natural habitats.
Example: India has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks, and over 450 wildlife sanctuaries.

5.2 Ex Situ Conservation

Protecting species outside their natural habitats.
Methods include:
- Zoological parks
- Botanical gardens
- Cryopreservation of gametes
- Tissue culture propagation

6. Biodiversity Hotspots

Areas with high species richness and endemism that require urgent conservation efforts.
India has three major hotspots:
- Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
- Himalaya
- Indo-Burma

7. Conclusion

Biodiversity conservation is a collective responsibility of all nations, emphasized by international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Practice Test – MCQs, True/False

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Multiple Choice Questions

Increased human activity near the poles

Greater seasonal variation and less stable environments

Higher levels of pollution in polar regions

More frequent volcanic activity near the poles

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Species diversity decreases towards the poles due to greater seasonal variation and less stable environments compared to the tropics.

Chapter Concept:

Latitudinal Gradients in Biodiversity

Greenland

New York, USA

Colombia

Norway

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Colombia, located near the equator, has about 1,400 bird species, demonstrating the high biodiversity typical of tropical regions.

Chapter Concept:

Latitudinal Gradients in Biodiversity

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Biodiversity and Conservation

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True or False

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Biodiversity is the combined diversity at all levels of biological organisation, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecological or ecosystem diversity.

Chapter Concept :

Biodiversity

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

In situ conservation refers to the protection of species in their natural environment, ensuring that the entire ecosystem is preserved.

Chapter Concept :

Biodiversity Conservation

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Genetic diversity refers to the variation at the gene level within a species across its distributional range. India is noted for having more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, which exemplifies this concept.

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The Redemption Arena

Biodiversity and Conservation

Study Action Plan (Sorted by Difficulty)

Extinction Rates, IUCN Red List and Sixth Extinction

High

Species Diversity

High

Species Diversity and Ecosystem Stability

Learning Objectives

Practice, Analyze & Improve 🚀

Revision Notes & Summary

Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Introduction to Biodiversity

2. Importance of Biodiversity

3. Species Richness

4. Causes of Species Loss

5. Conservation Strategies

5.1 In Situ Conservation

5.2 Ex Situ Conservation

6. Biodiversity Hotspots

7. Conclusion

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Practice Test – MCQs, True/False

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1.Which of the following best explains why species diversity decreases from the equator towards the poles?

Correct Answer: B

Q2.In the context of latitudinal gradients in biodiversity, which country is likely to have the highest number of bird species?

Correct Answer: C

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Step 1: Practicing the Concepts

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True or False

Q1.Biodiversity includes diversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.

Correct Answer: True

Q2.In situ conservation involves protecting endangered species in their natural habitats.

Correct Answer: True

Q3.India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, contributing to its genetic diversity.

Correct Answer: True

Medium

Causes of Biodiversity Loss

Medium

Latitudinal Gradients in Biodiversity

Medium

Genetic Diversity

Low

Global and Indian Biodiversity Inventory

Low

Biodiversity

Low

Biodiversity Conservation

Low

Ecological Diversity

Low

Importance of Biodiversity

Low

Species-Area Relationship

Low

Q3.What percentage of the world's land area does India occupy, and what percentage of global species diversity does it harbor?

Correct Answer: A

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Q4.What is the significance of genetic diversity within a species?

Correct Answer: B

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Q5.Which of the following is NOT a reason for the higher species richness in the tropics?

Correct Answer: B

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Q6.What is the estimated number of global species according to Robert May?

Correct Answer: B

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Q7.Which of the following equations represents the species-area relationship on a logarithmic scale?

Correct Answer: B

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